{"id":199,"date":"2018-04-23T12:05:04","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T12:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/?page_id=199"},"modified":"2025-08-13T10:35:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T10:35:33","slug":"renal-biopsy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/handbook\/unithdbk\/procedures-radiology-surgery\/renal-biopsy\/","title":{"rendered":"Kidney biopsy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Patients are admitted on day of procedure, or earlier if less fit. Must be arranged in advance via ultrasound sec or by discussing with radiologist who has a list. If deemed suitable for day care, can be assessed by Clinical Nurse Practitioner. If admitted to general wards to be assessed by medical staff.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Pre-procedure\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>aspirin\/clopidogrel stop 1 week in advance; other NSAIDs omitted on the day (NB aspirin may be continued at the discretion of the supervising consultant nephrologist and in consultation with radiology)<\/li>\n<li>warfarin stop AT LEAST 2 days in advance if indication permits.\u00a0 Some patients will need iv heparin until day of biopsy<\/li>\n<li>all medications including anti-hypertensives and anti-anginals to continue (usually patients&#8217; own supply)<\/li>\n<li>pathology request form must be filled in by renal team and attached to front of notes. Do same with consent form if obtained in advance<\/li>\n<li>Fluids only for 2 hours prior to procedure but no need to fast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Investigations and observations<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ensure no major change in condition or therapy (seek advice if there is)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>BP should be &lt;160\/90<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Recent results for the following must be available:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>FBC (Hb must be &gt; 80 g\/l, Pts &gt; 100&#215;1012\/l)<\/li>\n<li>coag screen ( PT and APTT must be within 3 seconds of control value)<\/li>\n<li>Group and save<\/li>\n<li>U &amp; E in patients on dialysis, or if uraemic<\/li>\n<li>if any values are outwith these ranges the Registrar and the radiologist should be informed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Consent<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Consent is obtained jointly by the referring nephrologist and the practitioner (usually a radiologist) performing the biopsy. \u00a0We therefore use a dedicated consent form: <a href=\"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Kidney-Biopsy-Consent-Form-v2.0.pdf\">Kidney Biopsy Consent Form v2.0<\/a> (also available <a href=\"http:\/\/intranet.lothian.scot.nhs.uk\/Directory\/PolicyHub\/Documentation\/Consent%20Forms\/Kidney%20Biopsy%20Consent%20Form.pdf\">here<\/a>). \u00a0The top part is completed by the nephrologist; the bottom part by the radiologist. \u00a0This should be attached to the front of the case-notes next to the pathology form so that it is easily accessible to the radiologist performing the biopsy.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Post-procedure<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>bed rest 6hrs: first 2h lying flat<\/li>\n<li>pulse and BP:\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>half-hourly for 2 hours<\/li>\n<li>then hourly for 2 hours<\/li>\n<li>at 6h, then 6-hourly to 24h if still an in-patient<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>advise patient to drink plenty<\/li>\n<li>pain relief: paracetamol is adequate in most instances<\/li>\n<li>assess and document:\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>biopsy site<\/li>\n<li>presence\/absence of haematuria (macroscopically\u00a0 only)<\/li>\n<li>dialysis or uraemic patients: check [K] the following day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Aspirin and warfarin can be restarted the following day if uncomplicated<\/li>\n<li>Discuss reintroduction of heparin if patient at high risk of thrombosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Discharge<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>At the agreed time if all the above satisfactory. Minimum is 6h if suitable for day-case biopsy, see below. In all cases:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>patient must have passed urine<\/li>\n<li>6h or final BP must have been recorded<\/li>\n<li>patient must have been given a number to call if problems (renal ward or doctor)<\/li>\n<li>results usually given at an outpatient appointment in the near future<\/li>\n<li>returning to work and other activities: a day or two off work is usually enough. Heavy manual activities should be avoided for a few days. No other special precautions are required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Day case biopsies<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>These are suitable if the following conditions can be met:<\/p>\n<table class=\" cke_show_border\" border=\"0\" width=\"614\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><i>Inclusion criteria:<\/i><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"67%\">Low risk<br \/>\nSuitable responsible person at home<br \/>\nCan arrange own transport for evening discharge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><i>Exclusion criteria:<\/i><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"67%\">Anticoagulation<br \/>\nCreatinine &gt;250 micromol\/l<br \/>\nSerious comorbid disease<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Diabetes mellitus does not automatically exclude day case biopsy as there is no requirement to fast.<br \/>\nPatients must have an appropriately early biopsy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Urgent biopsies<\/span><\/strong> &#8211; warn renal pathologist<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Out of hours procedures<\/span><\/strong> &#8211; contact the consultant pathologist first<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Further information\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/renal-biopsy\/\">Patient information explaining renal biopsy<\/a> is available on EdRen Info.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #808080;\"><strong>Acknowledgements:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> Angela Webster and Paul Allan were the main authors for this page. It was later reviewed by Anne Petherick. The last modified date is shown in the footer.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Patients are admitted on day of procedure, or earlier if less fit. Must be arranged in advance via ultrasound sec or by discussing with radiologist who has a list. If deemed suitable for day care, can be assessed by Clinical Nurse Practitioner. If admitted to general wards to be assessed\u2026<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/handbook\/unithdbk\/procedures-radiology-surgery\/renal-biopsy\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5515,"menu_order":42,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6682,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199\/revisions\/6682"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}