{"id":320,"date":"2018-04-24T10:22:08","date_gmt":"2018-04-24T10:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/?page_id=320"},"modified":"2023-04-18T14:31:17","modified_gmt":"2023-04-18T14:31:17","slug":"reflux-nephropathy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/reflux-nephropathy\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflux nephropathy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">What is reflux nephropathy?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Reflux <\/span><\/strong>&#8211; is when urine goes back up the wrong way from the bladder towards the kidney, while the bladder is emptying<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Nephropathy<\/span><\/strong> &#8211; means kidney damage. In reflux nephropathy there is a particular type of scarring which can be seen on some types of X-ray.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t#colorbox_main_container_1258 .wpsm_panel {\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\tbackground-color: #e6f7ed;\r\n\t\r\n\t\tborder: 2px solid #e8e8e8;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 4px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1258 .wpsm_panel-default > .wpsm_panel-heading {\r\n\tbackground-color: #e8e8e8 !important;\r\n\tborder-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\r\n\tborder-top-left-radius: 0px;\r\n\tborder-top-right-radius: 0px;\r\n\ttext-align:left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1258 .colorbox_singel_box{\r\n  margin-bottom:20px !important;\r\n\t  padding-top: 5px;\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1258 .wpsm_panel-title{\r\n\tmargin-top: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0 !important;\r\n\tfont-size: 18px !important;\r\n\tcolor: #993300 !important;\r\n\tfont-family: Open Sans !important;\r\n\tword-wrap:break-word;\r\n\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1258 .wpsm_panel-title span{\r\n\tfont-size: 18px !important;\r\n\tcolor: #993300 !important;\r\n\t vertical-align: middle;\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1258 .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n\tcolor: #5b5b5b !important;\r\n\tbackground-color:#e6f7ed !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tfont-family: Open Sans !important;\r\n\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\ttext-align:left}\r\n\r\n \t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 992px){\r\n\t.colorbox_singel_box{ \r\n\t\twidth:50% !important;\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 786px){\r\n\t.colorbox_singel_box{ \r\n\t\twidth:100% !important;\r\n\t}\r\n}\t\t\t\t<\/style>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"colorbox_main_container_1258\" style=\"colorbox_main_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\" wpsm_col-md-12 wpsm_col-sm-6 colorbox_singel_box\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel wpsm_panel-default wpsm_panel_default_1258 \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\" cke_show_border\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"3\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/reflux.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1259 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/reflux-300x166.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"464\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/reflux-300x166.gif 300w, https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/reflux-500x276.gif 500w, https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/reflux-150x83.gif 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a>\r\n<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"51%\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Normally<\/span><\/strong>, as the bladder empties, the ureter closes automatically to prevent urine being forced backwards up the ureter towards the kidneys. In both of these diagrams, the kidney on the right is shown 'cut open'.<\/td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"49%\">In <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">reflux<\/span><\/strong>, the valves don't close, and urine is forced back towards the kidney - REFLUX. This may also be called vesico-ureteric reflux, because the urine goes from the bladder (vesico-) to the ureter. In this illustration the kidneys are both scarred, the right more than the left.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tjQuery('#colorbox_main_container_1258').masonry({\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   itemSelector: '.colorbox_singel_box',\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Reflux nephropathy has sometimes been called <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">chronic pyelonephritis<\/span><\/strong> in the past.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">What trouble does it cause?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Some people are completely unaware that they have it. Others have major trouble from infections or from the kidney damage that can go with reflux.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Infections:<\/span><\/strong> Urine infections are more common in people with reflux, and it used to be thought that this was the major cause of kidney damage in the disease. However modern ultrasound imaging has shown that damage is often present even before birth, when there cannot be any infection. Some people with reflux nephropathy are unaware of ever having had any urine infections.<\/p>\n<p>In early childhood, severe infections may worsen kidney damage, although after the age of 5 years this seems to happen only very rarely.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Kidney damage: <\/span><\/strong>The pattern of the scars in some kidneys affected by reflux suggests that reflux causes the damage. If so, this probably occurs very early in life, and possibly before birth. It is not always certain that reflux has caused kidney damage though &#8211; there may be another cause<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">What causes reflux?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Reflux is almost always a problem you are born with. There is a strong tendency for it to run in some families, and the genetics of this is the subject of research.<\/p>\n<p>Some people with reflux nephropathy may have other abnormalities within the kidney or lower down &#8211; for example, the kidneys themselves may not have developed normally, or there may be narrowing or blockage of the normal urine flow (for example, caused by urethral valves).<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">How is it diagnosed?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>In childhood, or sometimes later, reflux nephropathy may be recognised because of investigations into urine infections.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes it is picked up in adults or children after discovery of proteinuria, or high blood pressure, or abnormal kidney function.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel {\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0px !important;\r\n\tbackground-color: #e6f7ed;\r\n\t\r\n\t\tborder: 0px solid #f7f4ad;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tborder-radius: 4px;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel-default > .wpsm_panel-heading {\r\n\tbackground-color: #f7f4ad !important;\r\n\tborder-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\r\n\tborder-top-left-radius: 0px;\r\n\tborder-top-right-radius: 0px;\r\n\ttext-align:left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1264 .colorbox_singel_box{\r\n  margin-bottom:20px !important;\r\n\t  padding-top: 5px;\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel-title{\r\n\tmargin-top: 0 !important;\r\n\tmargin-bottom: 0 !important;\r\n\tfont-size: 18px !important;\r\n\tcolor: #993300 !important;\r\n\tfont-family: Open Sans !important;\r\n\tword-wrap:break-word;\r\n\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel-title span{\r\n\tfont-size: 18px !important;\r\n\tcolor: #993300 !important;\r\n\t vertical-align: middle;\r\n}\r\n#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel-body{\r\n\tcolor: #5b5b5b !important;\r\n\tbackground-color:#e6f7ed !important;\r\n\tfont-size:16px !important;\r\n\tfont-family: Open Sans !important;\r\n\toverflow:hidden;\r\n\ttext-align:left}\r\n\r\n \t\t#colorbox_main_container_1264 .wpsm_panel-heading {\r\n\t\t\tbackground-image: url(https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-content\/plugins\/colorbox-panels\/assets\/images\/style-noise.png);\r\n\t\t\tbackground-position: 0 0;\r\n\t\t\tbackground-repeat: repeat-x;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 992px){\r\n\t.colorbox_singel_box{ \r\n\t\twidth:50% !important;\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 786px){\r\n\t.colorbox_singel_box{ \r\n\t\twidth:100% !important;\r\n\t}\r\n}\t\t\t\t<\/style>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"colorbox_main_container_1264\" style=\"colorbox_main_container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\" wpsm_col-md-6 wpsm_col-sm-6 colorbox_singel_box\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel wpsm_panel-default wpsm_panel_default_1264 \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTests to show renal scarring<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Isotope renogram<\/span> <\/strong>- a small amount of radioactive material that is concentrated by the kidneys is injected into a vein, and pictures taken.\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Intravenous urogram (IVU, IVP)<\/span> <\/strong>- a non-radioactive substance that is concentrated by the kidneys is injected, and several standard X-rays (radiographs) are taken over an hour or so.\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Ultrasound<\/span> <\/strong>- this is the commonest test for looking at kidneys, but it is not the best test if scarring is suspected.\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\" wpsm_col-md-6 wpsm_col-sm-6 colorbox_singel_box\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpsm_panel wpsm_panel-default wpsm_panel_default_1264 \">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  \t\t\t\t\t\t  <div class=\"wpsm_panel-heading\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wpsm_panel-title\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTests to show reflux<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div> \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"wpsm_panel-body\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Micturating cystourethrogram<\/span><\/strong> - a catheter is placed into the bladder and contrast liquid that will show up on X-ray is put into the bladder. X-ray pictures are then taken during urination to show reflux happening.\r\n<p><\/p>\r\n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Isotope renogram<\/span> <\/strong>- after an isotope renogram taken as above, radioactivity collects in the bladder. Pictures taken during urination can show an increased amount of radioactivity going back into the kidney if reflux is present.\t\t\t\t\t\t  <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tjQuery('#colorbox_main_container_1264').masonry({\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   itemSelector: '.colorbox_singel_box',\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\tvar col = new jColumn();\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcol.jcolumn('wpsm_panel_default_1264');\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Using tests like this, reflux can be detected and graded from very mild to severe.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Will an operation to correct the reflux help?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>An operation to reimplant the ureters used to be carried out quite often to do this. However the long-term results of these operations show that although the reflux is cured, it doesn&#8217;t make much difference to kidney damage. This must be either because the kidney damage isn&#8217;t caused by reflux, or because the damage was already done before the operation.<\/p>\n<p>There may be exceptions, for example if there are repeated infections in the kidney (pyelonephritis). Other treatments to prevent reflux (eg injections where the ureter enters the bladder) are also being tried, but again, may not make much difference in the long run.<\/p>\n<p>In most children, reflux reduces greatly with time, even if you do nothing.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Pregnancy<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Anyone with kidney disease may have extra problems in pregnancy, and should (if possible) discuss things before becoming pregnant. Because reflux nephropathy commonly affects young people, this is quite a common question. See <a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/pregnancy-and-contraception-in-renal-disease\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink158]\">information on pregnancy and contraception in renal disease<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Will I always need to take antibiotics?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Not necessarily. New kidney scars usually form only in early childhood, and it has not been proven that taking antibiotics later on has any influence on kidney damage. However some people continue to get many troublesome urine infections, and they may be helped by antibiotics to prevent these.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: none;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gotpornhub.com\/category\/pregnant\">pregnant porn<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pornobonjour.com\/massage-pregnant-porn-hub.html\">massage pregnant porn hub<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.viexas.com\/video\/746\/malay-skodeng-bini-tudung-pregnant\">Malay skodeng bini tudung pregnant<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.viexas.com\/video\/805\/morning-sex-with-indonesian-pregnant-wife\">Morning sex with indonesian pregnant wife<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gotpornhub.com\/video\/656\/pregnant-slut-takes-big-black-dick\">Pregnant slut takes big black dick<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/filmporno.video\/xxx\/scopata-sexgnant\">Scopata pregnant<\/a><\/div>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">What treatment is there?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Treatment for reflux nephropathy falls into several areas.<\/p>\n<p>If <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">urine infection<\/span><\/strong> is troublesome, the usual measures for prevention are usually helpful. <a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/urinary-tract-infections-uti\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink167]\">Further information<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">High blood pressure<\/span><\/strong> should be treated to protect the kidney from further damage. <a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink144]\">Further information<\/a><\/p>\n<p>If <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">kidney function<\/span><\/strong> is reduced, other things may be necessary. <a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/ckd-chronic-renal-failure-and-its-progression\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink133]\">Further information<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Operations to cure the reflux itself are rarely undertaken now. Occasionally a severely diseased kidney that is not working may be removed to help blood pressure control, or possibly to reduce recurrent infections.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Further information<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Elsewhere on <a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk\/EdREN\/index.html\">EdREN<\/a> you can find information on the following:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/urinary-tract-infections-uti\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink167]\">Urine infections<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"[wblink144]\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink144]\">High blood pressure<\/a> and kidney disease<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/edren-info\/ckd-chronic-renal-failure-and-its-progression\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink133]\">Chronic renal failure<\/a> and its progression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Information from elsewhere:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kidney.org.uk\/Medical-Info\/reflux\/index.html\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/www.kidney.org.uk\/Medical-Info\/reflux\/index.html\">Reflux nephropathy from the NKF (UK)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Information for doctors, medical students and healthcare workers<\/li>\n<li>See the section on reflux nephropathy in <a href=\"[wblink160]\" data-cke-saved-href=\"[wblink160]\">teaching information on UTI<\/a> and related conditions within the <a href=\"http:\/\/renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk\/EdREN\/EdRenTEACHhome.html\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk\/EdREN\/EdRenTEACHhome.html\">EdREN Education<\/a> section.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Acknowledgements:<\/strong>\u00a0 The author of this page was Neil Turner. It was first published in August 2001. The date is was last modified is shown in the footer.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is reflux nephropathy? Reflux &#8211; is when urine goes back up the wrong way from the bladder towards the kidney, while the bladder is emptying Nephropathy &#8211; means kidney damage. In reflux nephropathy there is a particular type of scarring which can be seen on some types of X-ray.\u2026<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/?p=1264\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":220,"menu_order":192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-320","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=320"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1269,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/320\/revisions\/1269"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}