{"id":4088,"date":"2020-04-22T10:25:25","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T10:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/education\/resources\/core-cases\/"},"modified":"2020-12-17T08:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T08:12:50","slug":"core-cases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/education\/other-resources\/core-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"Core Cases"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bare-bones case outlines aimed at late-stage medical students and others revising or preparing for nephrological experience.<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Haematuria<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n\n

A patient presents with macroscopic painless haematuria, or microscopic haematuria is discovered incidentally at health screening.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> Haematuria<\/a> (Edren textbook); haematuria<\/a> (EdRen INFO); management guidelines<\/a> (EdRen GPinfo) for microscopic<\/a> and macroscopic<\/a> haematuria;\u00a0 Haematuria from the UK\u00a0CKD eGuide<\/a> (www.renal.org\/ckd)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

2. Proteinuria<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nSimilar discovery of asymptomatic proteinuria, in various settings (eg entirely healthy patient, or patient with other evidence of renal disease).<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 Proteinuria<\/a> (EdRen textbook); proteinuria<\/a> (EdRen INFO); proteinuria in renal disease<\/a> (EdRen Handbook); management guidelines<\/a> for proteinuria<\/a> (EdRen GPinfo); Proteinuria from the UK CKD eGuide<\/a> (www.renal.org\/ckd)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

3. Oedema<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nA patient presents with oedema, urine shows protein ++++, low JVP, low serum albumin. Aged young or old, and with or without associated disease.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links<\/span><\/strong>:\u00a0 Oedema<\/a> and nephrotic syndrome<\/a> (EdRen textbook) nephrotic syndrome<\/a> (EdRen INFO).\u00a0 Nephrotic syndrome<\/a> (EdRen handbook).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A 2-year old girl with oedema<\/a> (Malawi cases)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

4. Acute renal inflammation<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nA short illness with renal impairment, often hypertension, maybe with overt fluid retention, possibly with haematuria and proteinuria if caused by glomerulonephritis, less of this if caused by interstitial inflammation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> Glomerulonephritis<\/a> and interstitial nephritis<\/a> (EdRen textbook). Homework: explain the reason for doing the tests to do in acute renal failure<\/a> (the answers to some of these would imply advanced understanding).\u00a0 Glomerulonephritis<\/a> and Interstitial nephritis<\/a> (EdRen INFO). A 15 year old with oedema<\/a> (and similar cases; Virtual Clinic)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

5. Acute renal failure (Acute kidney injury)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nOliguria and rising serum creatinine and urea arising in the community or in hospital as part of an acute illness.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:<\/span><\/strong> ARF\u00a0(AKI)<\/a> (EdRen textbook).\u00a0 Management of ARF<\/a> (EdRen handbook).\u00a0 ARF (AKI)<\/a> for patients (EdRen INFO).\u00a0 AKI Cases<\/a> – test yourself and learn with these (EdRen Resources)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

6. Chronic renal failure (probable)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nA patient presents with tiredness and is found to be hypertensive (175\/110). There are minimal or no other features but they are found to be anaemic (Hb 100) and serum creatinine is 347 micromols\/l (probable chronic renal failure).<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:<\/span> <\/strong>CKD 1-3<\/a> and CRF (CKD 4-5)<\/a> (EdRen textbook); progression of chronic renal failure<\/a> (EdRen INFO); blood pressure in renal disease<\/a> (EdRen Handbook)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

7. Simple fluid and electrolyte disturbances<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nInvolving disordered volume status, potassium, sodium, calcium, and their emergency management or non-urgent management as appropriate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:<\/span><\/strong> emergency management of hyperkalaemia<\/a> (EdRen Handbook)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

8. UTI<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\nA patient with recurrent episodes of dysuria and urinary frequency associated with pyuria, with or without fever and loin pain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Links:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> UTI<\/a> (EdRen textbook); EdRen Resource page on UTI<\/a>; UTI and cystitis<\/a> (EdRen INFO)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Our info sources are less comprehensive for these last four Mostly-Urology cases.\u00a0\u00a0Sorry about that.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bare-bones case outlines aimed at late-stage medical students and others revising or preparing for nephrological experience. 1. Haematuria A patient presents with macroscopic painless haematuria, or microscopic haematuria is discovered incidentally at health screening. Links:\u00a0 Haematuria (Edren textbook); haematuria (EdRen INFO); management guidelines (EdRen GPinfo) for microscopic and macroscopic haematuria;\u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n

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