{"id":6762,"date":"2026-06-05T14:00:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/?page_id=6762"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:10:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:10:56","slug":"sglt2i-for-ckd-draft-june-26","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/handbook\/prescribing-handbook\/general-prescribing-notes\/sglt2i-for-ckd-draft-june-26\/","title":{"rendered":"SGLT2i for CKD (DRAFT June 26)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Please note this is still a DRAFT page.\u00a0 We have published so we can share internally and discuss at our Renal Unit meeting on Monday 8th June 2026.\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Although the information below is likely to be largely accurate, please ignore until we have approved the final version.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>SGLT2 inhibitors (&#8216;flozins&#8217;) in CKD<\/h1>\n<p>SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are powerful disease-modifying agents in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).\u00a0 They <strong>reduce the risk of kidney failure<\/strong>\u00a0and <strong>reduce cardiovascular disease <\/strong>(heart failure and CV death).\u00a0 They are appropriate for many patients with CKD but will require some individualised decision making (see below).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Quick decision tool<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Patient profile<\/span><\/th>\n<th align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">eGFR threshold (ml\/min\/1.73 m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/span><\/th>\n<th align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">uACR threshold (mg\/mmol)<\/span><\/th>\n<th align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">strategy<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">CKD &amp; T2DM<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&gt; 15<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">any level<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">offer SGLT2i (<strong>strong<\/strong> recommendation)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">CKD without diabetes &amp; heavy albuminuria<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&gt; 15<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&gt; 25<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">offer SGLT2i (<strong>strong<\/strong> recommendation)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">CKD without diabetes &amp; little \/ no albuminuria<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">20 &#8211; 45<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&lt; 25<code><\/code><\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">offer SGLT2i (<strong>slightly weaker<\/strong> recommendation)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">symptomatic heart failure<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&gt; 15<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">any level<\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">offer SGLT2i (<strong>strong<\/strong> recommendation)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><em>these thresholds broadly align with NICE \/ SMC \/ UKKA guidelines but have been simplified slightly here\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>a uPCR of 35 mg\/mmol approximates to uACR 25 mg\/mmol and can be used for decision-making purposes<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>most guidelines recommend using the highest tolerated \/ licensed dose of an ACE inhibitor or ARB before initiating an SGLT2i but this sequencing has not been tested in large clinical trials<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Prescribing principles<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Individualise treatment decisions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>At the risk of stating the obvious, treatment decisions should be individualised to factor in anticipated benefits (reductions in risk of kidney failure AND cardiovascular disease), potential side-effects, tablet burden, patient preferences etc.<\/p>\n<p>Broadly, SGLT2i can be expected to reduced the relative risk of kidney failure by ~35% and heart failure \/ cardiovascular death by ~25%.\u00a0 Therefore, absolute benefits are greater in patients at greatest risk of these outcomes: hence their recommended use in patients with heavy proteinuria or lower eGFR.\u00a0 The NNT to prevent kidney failure \/ progression over 2 years will vary from ~10 &#8211; 20 in high-risk groups (e.g. eGFR &lt; 30 ml\/min; uACR &gt; 30 mg\/mmol) to ~500 &#8211; 1000 in low-risk groups (e.g. eGFR 45 &#8211; 60 ml\/min; uACR &lt; 3 mg\/mmol).\u00a0 (And a similar wide spectrum is seen for NNTs to prevent cardiovascular outcomes.)<\/p>\n<p>There is uncertainty over when to use SGLT2i in co-morbid, frail patients but the available evidence suggests both benefits and harms may be amplified in this group and with the caveat that extreme frailty is not represented in clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>This is a class effect.\u00a0 <\/strong>All SGLT2i have similar benefit and safety profiles.\u00a0 Therefore NICE recommend using the cheapest licensed option (see East Region Formulary for current local practice).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expect a haemodynamic &#8220;eGFR dip&#8221;.\u00a0<\/strong> This can be up to 30% and occurs within weeks of starting.\u00a0 This differs from the similar phenomenon seen with ACEi \/ ARBs in that there is not a big associated hyperkalaemia risk.\u00a0 Therefore many prescribers choose NOT to repeat U&amp;Es within 1 &#8211; 2 weeks of starting because this is unnecessary.\u00a0 It is almost always appropriate to continue the SGLT2i, but if any uncertainty can discuss with renal.\u00a0 It can be important to explain to patients that this is a haemodynamic effect and does NOT mean that SGLT2is are harming the kidneys.\u00a0 There is strong evidence that SGLT2i slow progression of CKD and prevent AKI.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Referral criteria<\/h3>\n<p>Specialist input may be helpful in:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><strong>Confirmed or suspected Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM):<\/strong> Do <strong>NOT<\/strong> initiate SGLT2is in primary care.\u00a0 At present SGLT2i are generally considered contra-indicated in T1DM due to the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).\u00a0 That said, with increasing options for ketone and sugar monitoring, potentially eligible patients could be referred to the diabetes team for consideration of initiation under their specialist supervision.\u00a0 It may also be helpful to liaise with the diabetes team for patients in whom the type of diagnosis is in doubt (i.e. are they definitely T2DM?).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diagnostic uncertainty re: kidney disease:<\/strong> refer to renal.\u00a0 Use standard referral criteria to discuss patients with suspected glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, genetic kidney conditions (such as Polycystic Kidney Disease) etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>eGFR &lt; 20 ml\/min\/1.73m<sup>2<\/sup>: <\/strong>usually being seen by the renal team anyway.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Safety &amp; patient counselling<\/h3>\n<p>SGLT2i are generally very well tolerated, particularly in patients without diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>The main potential side-effects are:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>genital thrush<\/li>\n<li>volume depletion \/ orthostatic hypotension<\/li>\n<li>DKA including euglycaemic DKA (in patients with diabetes)<\/li>\n<li>increased hypoglycaemia risk if used with insulin \/ sulphonylureas (in patients with diabetes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many guidelines advocate giving patients &#8220;sick day rules&#8221; (although the evidence supporting these is mixed).\u00a0 It is usually appropriate to advise patients to temporarily suspend SGLT2i during periods of acute illness, particularly when not eating and drinking (risk of ketosis) and for 48 hours prior to major surgery.<\/p>\n<p>Note that there is very strong evidence that risk UTIs (other than genital mycotic infections) is <strong>NOT<\/strong> significantly increased by SGLT2i use.\u00a0 Therefore frequent UTIs are not usually a contra-indication to SGLT2i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Further information:<\/h3>\n<h5>Clinical Guidelines<\/h5>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>UK Kidney Association (UKKA)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/guidelines.ukkidney.org\/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SGLT2 Inhibitor Guideline &amp; 2023 Update<\/a><\/li>\n<li>NICE Technology Appraisal (TA1075): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta1075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dapagliflozin for treating chronic kidney disease<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/387\/bmj-2024-080257\">BMJ Clinical Practice Guideline (2024)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline: <a href=\"https:\/\/kdigo.org\/guidelines\/ckd-evaluation-and-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluation and Management of CKD<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Patient Information Leaflets<\/h5>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>UKKA Patient Resource: <a href=\"https:\/\/guidelines.ukkidney.org\/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2\/patient-information-leaflets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SGLT2i patient information leaflets<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Please note this is still a DRAFT page.\u00a0 We have published so we can share internally and discuss at our Renal Unit meeting on Monday 8th June 2026.\u00a0 Although the information below is likely to be largely accurate, please ignore until we have approved the final version.\u00a0\u00a0 &nbsp; SGLT2 inhibitors\u2026<\/p>\n<p> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/handbook\/prescribing-handbook\/general-prescribing-notes\/sglt2i-for-ckd-draft-june-26\/\"><span>Continue reading<\/span><i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":5723,"menu_order":36,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6762","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6762"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6781,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6762\/revisions\/6781"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edren.org\/ren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}